fbpx Web Interstitial Ad
新城健康+

減肥大熱生酮飲食法 試後三高數字更加高

城市人很多都有糖尿病的,坊間又有不同的減肥方法,例如168減肥法丶生酮飲食法等。到底那一種方法最有效減重?怎樣才算得上需要減肥或節食?如何控制自己的體重而令到自己健康?今集鄭啟泰,可宜及Christine於節目《他她它的都市生活》的心事直播環節中,邀請了內分泌及糖尿專科的陳諾醫生和註冊營養師黃蔚昕Zoe,與大家分享一些減肥方法,控制體重令自己健康。

什麼是正常的體重?

我們一般都是用體重指標來衡量是否屬於正常體重範圍。亞洲人的體重指標就是23。坊間都會用BMI (Body Mass Index) 計算指標 。

當BMI超過23,我們身體不正常的危疾因素就開始上升,例如血壓,膽固醇和血糖都會飆升,變成所謂的三高。

168減肥法真的有效?關鍵在於持續性

坊間有很多不同的飲食方法,有不少明星嘗試過後都能在短時間內瘦十磅。近期便非常流行168減肥法。168減肥法是一個間歇性斷食,就是全日二十四小時中有十六小時不進食,然後有八小時是可以進食的。註冊營養師Zoe指很多時候人們就習慣跳過早餐,間歇性斷食就由下午十二時開始,吃到八時又開始不進食。陳諾醫生稱如果能夠堅持間歇性斷食,是有減肥效果的。原理就是長時間不吃東西時,身體的消化功能會變好,而且身體會用多了儲存的能量維持身體運作,燃燒脂肪。之後8小時吃東西的時間並不長,吃的份量也有限。其實是減低了身體的吸收。

不過陳諾醫生提醒168減肥法不是人人適用,尤其是服用較重藥物的糖尿病病人或打胰島素的病人,因為他們不進食的那段時間可能會低血糖,嚴重會暈倒。

生酮飲食法 體重不減反增?

除了168減肥法外,生酮飲食也是近年受歡迎的飲食方法。註冊營養師Zoe指生酮飲食最主要的原理是把碳水化合物佔全日吸收的熱量的一成。以一個成年人為例,一天只吃四十克的碳水化合物,其實吃一個麵包或喝一杯牛奶就已經滿足了40克的碳水化合物數量。變相其餘七成食物熱量來自脂肪,剩下的兩三成就是蛋白質。脂肪類或蛋白質類食物需要較長時間消化,所以有較多飽腹感。有了強烈的飽腹感後變相便吃少了食物,做到減肥效果。

不過陳諾醫生指如果不能堅持療法,體重會不減返升。營養師Zoe也不建議大家採取生酮飲食法。因為生酮飲食都是鼓勵大家進食比較單一的食物,吸收少了很多稱為微量的營養素,例如維持精神健康或皮膚健康的維他命B雜。

膽固醇升高 影響心血管健康

陳諾醫生指生酮飲食會令膽固醇升高。如果是一個短暫的生酮飲食是可以的。但長期來說便要留意血管健康。嚴重可能要用些很強的降膽固醇藥甚至乎降膽固醇針。陳諾醫分享一個生酮飲食的糖尿病病人案例,他有一次抽血,抽到的血是奶白色的 因為脂肪太嚴重,三酸甘油脂去到三十多。這類型病人有可能會有急性的胰臟炎。

減肥人士容易情緒不佳?

啟泰問當進行一個特別的食療或過程,某程度上是改變了身體的內分泌,情緒是否因而變得很暴躁。陳諾醫生指最大的原因是血糖不夠。身體有八成的糖份是在腦部,而我們的腦部需要糖份協助身體運作。當血糖不夠的時候,身體各個器官中第一個感應到的就是腦部。缺少了糖分,腦部活動變得遲緩。有一部分的人遇上少許事情就會發脾氣,尤其是糖尿病病人,他們習慣了一個比較高水平的糖份,突然之間不吃東西去到正常的水平,這個下降對他們來說都是不正常的,所以就會有些暴躁。

小朋友肥胖 減肥應從那方面入手?

陳諾醫生指有一成的小朋友有脂肪肝。要減肥需要在飲食和運動間取平衡。有小朋友喜歡吃快餐又喜歡吃零食,這些都需要戒掉。當然恆常的運動是很重要的。而且家人的飲食習慣也有影響,例如你控制了小朋友的飲食,但家人都是吃得比較肥膩和比較重口味的,都比較難讓小朋友建立到一個好的生活習慣。


參考資料:

1. Centre for Health Protection. 體格檢查及化驗檢測. Available at https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/chapter_9_chi.pdf (Accessed on 5 May 2021).

2. Centre for Health Protection. Body Mass Index (BMI) Distribution. Available at https://www.chp.gov.hk/tc/statistics/data/10/280/425.html (Accessed on 5 May 2021).

3. Harvard Health. Should you try fasting? Available at https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/should-you-try-fasting (Accessed on 5 May 2021).

4. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Ketogenic Diet for Weight Loss. Available at https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/healthy-weight/diet-reviews/ketogenic-diet/ (Accessed on 5 May 2021).

5. Open Oregon Educational Resources. Protein Digestion and Absorption. Available at https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/nutritionscience/chapter/6d-protein-digestion-absorption/ (Accessed on 5 May 2021).

6. Harvard Health. Should you try the keto diet? Available at https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/should-you-try-the-keto-diet (Accessed on 5 May 2021).

7. Student Health Service. Feature Article – Introduction on Dietary Supplements. Available at https://www.studenthealth.gov.hk/tc_chi/newsletters/newsletter_51.html (Accessed on 5 May 2021).

8. Science Direct. Glucose Brain Level. Available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/glucose-brain-level (Accessed on 5 May 2021).

9. Harvard Medical School. Sugar and the Brain. Available at https://hms.harvard.edu/news-events/publications-archive/brain/sugar-brain (Accessed on 5 May 2021).

10. Blaabjerg L, et al. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2016;10(6):1259-1267.

11. University of Michigan. Is Your Mood Disorder a Symptom of Unstable Blood Sugar? Available at https://sph.umich.edu/pursuit/2019posts/mood-blood-sugar-kujawski.html (Accessed on 5 May 2021).

12. American Council on Exercise. What are the guidelines for percentage of body fat loss? Available at https://www.acefitness.org/education-and-resources/lifestyle/blog/112/what-are-the-guidelines-for-percentage-of-body-fat-loss/ (Accessed on 5 May 2021).

13. Cleveland Clinic. 7 Bariatric Surgery Benefits Besides Helping You Lose Weight. Available at https://health.clevelandclinic.org/7-bariatric-surgery-benefits-besides-helping-you-lose-weight/(Accessed on 5 May 2021).

14. Ramsey Health Care. 11 Things You Need to Know About a Gastric Balloon. Available at https://www.ramsayhealth.co.uk/blog/weight-loss-surgery/11-things-you-need-to-know-about-a-gastric-balloon (Accessed on 5 May 2021).

15. Health Direct. Inserting a gastric balloon. Available at https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/surgery/inserting-a-gastric-balloon#recover (Accessed on 5 May 2021.

16. Mayo clinic. High cholesterol. Available at https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350806 (Accessed on 6 May 2021).

17. Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital. Hair Loss. Available at https://www.hopkinsallchildrens.org/patients-families/health-library/healthdocnew/hair-loss (Accessed on 5 May 2021).

18. Mayo Clinic. Pancreatitis. Available at https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pancreatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20360227 (Accessed on 5 May 2021).

19. American Liver Foundation. Pediatric Fatty Liver Disease. Available at https://liverfoundation.org/pediatric-fatty-liver-disease/ (Accessed on 5 May 2021).

20. Boston Children’s Hospital. Fatty Liver Disease. Available at https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions-and-treatments/conditions/f/fatty-liver (Accessed on 6 May 2021).

21. American Liver Foundation. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Available at https://liverfoundation.org/for-patients/about-the-liver/diseases-of-the-liver/non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/ (Accessed on 6 May 2021).

22. JHEP Reports. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in lean individuals. Available at https://www.jhep-reports.eu/article/S2589-5559(19)30090-4/fulltext (Accessed on 6 May 2021).