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	<title>林蕙芬 - 新城健康＋</title>
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		<title>兒童ADHD 斷症需與同齡兒童行為比較 行為治療提升自我控制能力 &#124; ADHD人生路 林蕙芬醫生</title>
		<link>https://metrohealthplus.hk/34200/adhd-%e6%88%91%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%8b%e5%8b%99%e6%89%80-adhd%e4%ba%ba%e7%94%9f%e8%b7%af-%e6%9e%97%e8%95%99%e8%8a%ac/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[KK]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 Jul 2021 00:00:49 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[LINE 上榜文章]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>ADHD  (Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder)，中文譯名「專注力失調及過度活躍症」，此病常見小童群組界別，到底成年人會否患上  ADHD  ？最早發病年齡是幾時？如何斷症及治療？延醫會有何後果？ 今集「我的事務所」劉婉芬就請來精神科專科醫生黃宗顯講解。</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://metrohealthplus.hk/34200/adhd-%e6%88%91%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%8b%e5%8b%99%e6%89%80-adhd%e4%ba%ba%e7%94%9f%e8%b7%af-%e6%9e%97%e8%95%99%e8%8a%ac/">兒童ADHD 斷症需與同齡兒童行為比較 行為治療提升自我控制能力 | ADHD人生路 林蕙芬醫生</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://metrohealthplus.hk">新城健康＋</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='兒童ADHD 斷症需與同齡兒童行為比較 行為治療提升自我控制能力 | ADHD人生路 林蕙芬醫生' data-link='https://metrohealthplus.hk/34200/adhd-%e6%88%91%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%8b%e5%8b%99%e6%89%80-adhd%e4%ba%ba%e7%94%9f%e8%b7%af-%e6%9e%97%e8%95%99%e8%8a%ac/' data-summary='ADHD (Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder)，中文譯名「專注力失調及過度活躍症」，此病常見小童群組界別，到底成年人會否患上 ADHD ？最早發病年齡是幾時？如何斷症及治療？延醫會有何後果？ 今集「我的事務所」劉婉芬就請來精神科專科醫生黃宗顯講解。' data-app-id-name='category_above_content'></div>
<p>上集說到專注力不足/過度活躍症（ ADHD ），可以由孩童階段伸延至成人階段，但亦有為數不少的小朋友患上此疾病。今集「我的事務所」，劉婉芬請來兒童體智及行為發展科醫生林蕙芬，講解如何為 ADHD 小童斷症，以及行為治療如何幫助小童患者，學會自我控制及提升專注度。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/20944875-2-1024x1024.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-35141" srcset="https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/20944875-2-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/20944875-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/20944875-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/20944875-2-768x768.jpg 768w, https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/20944875-2.jpg 1080w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-adhd">如何分辦孩子是好動還是患上 ADHD ?</h2>



<p>在很多家長眼中，小孩子好動或頑皮是正常不過的事；如何分辦孩子是一般好動還是患上ADHD？又應該以甚麼年齡為確診分水嶺？林醫生說根據統計，大約6%香港兒童患有ADHD；中學生則降至約4%<sup>1</sup>，原來幼兒患者中大約有三分一人， ADHD 症狀會隨着年紀漸長而減輕<sup>2,3</sup>。如果患者是6歲以下的小朋友，建議先諮詢醫生意見<sup>4,5</sup>，現時的治療方法包括﹕行為治療、職業治療及社交治療<sup>6</sup> ； 而6歲以上的小朋友，也可以跟醫生商量後，考慮有關藥物治療的方案<sup>6</sup>。</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-">斷症需與同齡兒童行為比較</h2>



<p> ADHD 小童在行為上與同齡兒童有明顯的分別。例如﹕他們專注力比一般小孩要弱得多<sup>6,7</sup>，多動而難以控自己的行為<sup>6</sup>及情緒<sup>7</sup> ，說話時喜歡插嘴<sup>8</sup>，容易對其他小朋友動粗<sup>6</sup>，衝動<sup>7,8</sup>且對抗性極高<sup>6</sup>。林醫生舉例，在幼稚園階段的 ADHD 學童，由於學習功能有所缺失及執行力不強，要求他們完成一個目標，例如「坐定定」寫完一版字練習，幾乎是不可能完成的任務。</p>



<p><br>家長們要留意一點，過於活躍不等於患有 ADHD，假若小童十分活躍，但未影響學習及成績，社交能力良好，並且自理能力正常的情況下，都不能定義為ADHD<sup>5</sup>。</p>





<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="768" src="https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/children-is-playing-jenga-wood-blocks-tower-game-1024x768.jpg" alt="ADHD人生路 林蕙芬醫生" class="wp-image-35140" srcset="https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/children-is-playing-jenga-wood-blocks-tower-game-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/children-is-playing-jenga-wood-blocks-tower-game-300x225.jpg 300w, https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/children-is-playing-jenga-wood-blocks-tower-game-768x576.jpg 768w, https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/children-is-playing-jenga-wood-blocks-tower-game.jpg 1080w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h--1">行為治療正向讚賞 助自我控制</h2>



<p>透過行為治療，使ADHD 小童學懂控制情緒<sup>6</sup>。這方面需要家長及學校的共同努力。林醫生說，開始時可鼓勵小朋友完成一些較簡單的任務，例如﹕坐著 5 分鐘畫畫或串珠仔，小孩若能完成便加以奬勵，而家長不一定要使用物質上的奬勵，一個擁抱，一個親吻對小孩來說都是一種奬賞。也可以透過儲分制度、以儲「印仔」方式給孩子一個目標；每當小孩做對一件事就給他一個分數，當達到某個分數就有額外奬賞<sup>6</sup>。這可以讓小孩建立「努力就有回報」的概念，從而確立目標，並同時鍛練自我控制能力<sup>6</sup>。當然，家長亦不能盲目地只賞不罰<sup>6</sup>，林醫生說，底線是小孩的行為不可傷害到自己及別人<sup>6</sup>。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="768" src="https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/children-are-playing-jenga-wood-blocks-tower-game-1024x768.jpg" alt="ADHD人生路 林蕙芬醫生" class="wp-image-35142" srcset="https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/children-are-playing-jenga-wood-blocks-tower-game-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/children-are-playing-jenga-wood-blocks-tower-game-300x225.jpg 300w, https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/children-are-playing-jenga-wood-blocks-tower-game-768x576.jpg 768w, https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/children-are-playing-jenga-wood-blocks-tower-game.jpg 1080w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>





<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-adhd-1">如何跟 ADHD 小童相處</h2>



<p>林醫生補充，給 ADHD 孩子的指令中，盡量不要夾雜「不好」二字<sup>6</sup>，例如:若孩子走來走去，家長可以直接給予指令孩子﹕「坐下」，而非「『不要』走來走去」。林醫生說， 明白父母要照顧ADHD 子女的壓力極大，但家長盡量不要被負面情緒主導，向小孩說「再頑皮就不要你！」此等負面說話<sup>6</sup>，會傷及小朋友的感情。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="1024" height="576" src="https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/happy-asian-young-family-having-fun-laughing-moving-into-new-home-japanese-parents-mother-father-smiling-helping-excited-little-girl-riding-sitting-cardboard-box-new-property-relocation-1024x576.jpg" alt="ADHD人生路 林蕙芬醫生" class="wp-image-35143" srcset="https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/happy-asian-young-family-having-fun-laughing-moving-into-new-home-japanese-parents-mother-father-smiling-helping-excited-little-girl-riding-sitting-cardboard-box-new-property-relocation-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/happy-asian-young-family-having-fun-laughing-moving-into-new-home-japanese-parents-mother-father-smiling-helping-excited-little-girl-riding-sitting-cardboard-box-new-property-relocation-300x169.jpg 300w, https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/happy-asian-young-family-having-fun-laughing-moving-into-new-home-japanese-parents-mother-father-smiling-helping-excited-little-girl-riding-sitting-cardboard-box-new-property-relocation-768x432.jpg 768w, https://metrohealthplus.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/happy-asian-young-family-having-fun-laughing-moving-into-new-home-japanese-parents-mother-father-smiling-helping-excited-little-girl-riding-sitting-cardboard-box-new-property-relocation.jpg 1080w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>





<p class="has-small-font-size">參考資料</p>



<p class="has-small-font-size">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cheung Kerry KW, et al. BMC Psychiatry. 2015;15:95.<br>2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;HKU Med. Available at: https://www.med.hku.hk/news/press/ADHD_drug_use_increase_in_Hong_Kong_and_13_different_countries (Accessed on 23 Mar 2021).<br>3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Wender PH, et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001;931:1-16.<br>4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Heep Hong Society. Available at: https://www.heephong.org/services-and-programmes/school-aged-children/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/adhd-preliminary-test (Accessed on 10 Jun 2021).<br>5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  Institute of Mental Health, Castle Peak Hospital. Available at: https://www3.ha.org.hk/cph/imh/mhi/article_02_01_01.asp (Accessed on 23 Mar 2021).<br>6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CADDRA &#8211; Canadian ADHD Resource Alliance: Canadian ADHD Practice Guidelines, 4.1 Edition, Toronto ON; CADDRA, 2020.<br>7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Anxiety and Depression Association of America. Available at: https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/related-illnesses/other-related-conditions/adult- adhd (Accessed on 23 Mar 2021).<br>8.       Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/diagnosis.html (Accessed on 23 Mar 2021).</p>



<p class="has-small-font-size">以上資料由受訪者提供<br>此專欄由武田藥品全力支持<br>C-ANPROM/HK/Vyv/0039(07/2021)</p>



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<p><br><strong>延伸閱讀</strong><br></p>



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<div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='share_buttons' data-title='兒童ADHD 斷症需與同齡兒童行為比較 行為治療提升自我控制能力 | ADHD人生路 林蕙芬醫生' data-link='https://metrohealthplus.hk/34200/adhd-%e6%88%91%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%8b%e5%8b%99%e6%89%80-adhd%e4%ba%ba%e7%94%9f%e8%b7%af-%e6%9e%97%e8%95%99%e8%8a%ac/' data-summary='ADHD (Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder)，中文譯名「專注力失調及過度活躍症」，此病常見小童群組界別，到底成年人會否患上 ADHD ？最早發病年齡是幾時？如何斷症及治療？延醫會有何後果？ 今集「我的事務所」劉婉芬就請來精神科專科醫生黃宗顯講解。' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div><div style='display:none;' class='shareaholic-canvas' data-app='recommendations' data-title='兒童ADHD 斷症需與同齡兒童行為比較 行為治療提升自我控制能力 | ADHD人生路 林蕙芬醫生' data-link='https://metrohealthplus.hk/34200/adhd-%e6%88%91%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%8b%e5%8b%99%e6%89%80-adhd%e4%ba%ba%e7%94%9f%e8%b7%af-%e6%9e%97%e8%95%99%e8%8a%ac/' data-summary='ADHD (Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder)，中文譯名「專注力失調及過度活躍症」，此病常見小童群組界別，到底成年人會否患上 ADHD ？最早發病年齡是幾時？如何斷症及治療？延醫會有何後果？ 今集「我的事務所」劉婉芬就請來精神科專科醫生黃宗顯講解。' data-app-id-name='category_below_content'></div><p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://metrohealthplus.hk/34200/adhd-%e6%88%91%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%8b%e5%8b%99%e6%89%80-adhd%e4%ba%ba%e7%94%9f%e8%b7%af-%e6%9e%97%e8%95%99%e8%8a%ac/">兒童ADHD 斷症需與同齡兒童行為比較 行為治療提升自我控制能力 | ADHD人生路 林蕙芬醫生</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://metrohealthplus.hk">新城健康＋</a>.</p>
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